Notes
1. Indeed the tantra Emergence from Sampuṭa (Toh 381, 1.2.1), includes an explanation of the thirty-seven aids.
2. See Mahāvyutpatti, Degé Tengyur, vol. 204 (sna tshogs, co), folios 21.b–22.b. The numbering is from Sakaki Ryōzaburō’s edition (q.v.), which numbers serially both the categories and the items within them. See also the four applications of mindfulness, and the entries that follow, in Braarvig’s online version. Two different sets of the four are listed under “the four kinds of effort.” Under the next category, “the four bases of supernatural power,” nine items are listed. These are apparently alternative enumerations of the members of these two categories.
3. A useful volume on this subject is Thanissaro (2004).
4. Rāhula (1978), p. 113.
5. Mūlamadhyamakakārikā 18.5bc. Ye Shaoyong (2011), p. 302: karmakleśā vikalpataḥ | te prapañcāt. See also Mūlamadhyamakakārikā 23.1.
6. See Candrakīrti’s interpretation of the Mūlamadhyamakakārikā 18.5 in de La Vallée Poussin (1903–13), p. 350.
7. Lancaster and Park (1979), no. 1099.
8. Following Stok: mthong. Degé reads: thong.
9. brtul ba here is rendered according to one of its archaic meanings, ’bad pa. Cf. Tsanlha Ngawang Tsultrim (1997), p. 274. Alternatively, brtul ba can mean “restrained,” in which case the sense would be, “by way of being restrained without exertion.”
10. Following Narthang and Lhasa: rtsol ba, or Yongle and Kangxi: brtsom pa. Degé and Stok read: rtsom pa. (On brtsom pa as an equivalent for utsāha, see Mahāvyutpatti, no. 1790 in Sasaki’s edition, vol. 1, p. 141 and vol. 2, p. 245. However, although Sasaki and other secondary references to the Mahāvyutpatti all mention brtsom pa in this context, most recensions of the Mahāvyutpatti itself have brtson pa here, as can be seen in the Mahāvyutpatti in the Degé Tengyur, vol. 204 (sna tshogs, co), folio 38.b. Only the Narthang and Peking versions of the Mahāvyutpatti actually read brtsom pa.)
11. Rendered based on Yongle, Lithang, Kangxi, Narthang, Choné, and Lhasa: mthong. Degé and Stok read: ’gyur.
12. Yongle, Lithang, Kangxi, Choné, Narthang, and Lhasa add: shlo ka dgu bcu rtsa gnyis (“ninety-two śloka”; there are variant Tibetan spellings for śloka in these editions).