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The Perfection of Wisdom in One Hundred Thousand Lines

Chapter 38

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Chapter 38

Then the gods living in the realm of desire and living in the realm of form brought divine sandalwood powder, and many divine blue lotuses, lotuses, red lotuses, and white lotuses, and scattered them toward the Blessed One. Having scattered them, they approached the place where the Blessed One was seated, prostrated their heads at his feet, and took their place to one side. Having taken their place, those gods living in the realm of desire and living in the realm of form said this955 to the Blessed One: “The tathāgatas, arhats, perfectly complete buddhas have thus taught in this profound perfection of wisdom that physical forms themselves are all-aspect omniscience, and all-aspect omniscience is physical forms. Feelings themselves are all-aspect omniscience, and all-aspect omniscience is feelings. Perceptions themselves are all-aspect omniscience, and all-aspect omniscience is perceptions. Formative predispositions themselves are all-aspect omniscience, and all-aspect omniscience is formative predispositions. Consciousness itself is all-aspect omniscience, and all-aspect omniscience is consciousness.

“The eyes themselves are all-aspect omniscience, and all-aspect omniscience is the eyes. The ears themselves are all-aspect omniscience, and all-aspect omniscience is the ears. The nose itself is all-aspect omniscience, and all-aspect omniscience is the nose. The tongue itself is all-aspect omniscience, and all-aspect omniscience is the tongue. The body itself is all-aspect omniscience, and all-aspect omniscience is the body. The mental faculty itself is all-aspect omniscience, and all-aspect omniscience is the mental faculty.

“Sights themselves are all-aspect omniscience, and all-aspect omniscience is sights. Sounds themselves are all-aspect omniscience, and all-aspect omniscience is sounds. Odors themselves are all-aspect omniscience, and all-aspect omniscience is odors. Tastes themselves are all-aspect omniscience, and all-aspect omniscience is tastes. Tangibles themselves are all-aspect omniscience, and all-aspect omniscience is tangibles. Mental phenomena themselves are all-aspect omniscience, and all-aspect omniscience is mental phenomena.

“The emptiness of internal phenomena itself is all-aspect omniscience, and all-aspect omniscience is the emptiness of internal phenomena. The emptiness of external phenomena itself is all-aspect omniscience, and all-aspect omniscience is the emptiness of external phenomena. The emptiness of external and internal phenomena itself is all-aspect omniscience, and all-aspect omniscience is the emptiness of external and internal phenomena. The emptiness of emptiness itself is all-aspect omniscience, and all-aspect omniscience is the emptiness of emptiness. The emptiness of great extent itself is all-aspect omniscience, and all-aspect omniscience is the emptiness of great extent. The emptiness of ultimate reality itself is all-aspect omniscience, and all-aspect omniscience is the emptiness of ultimate reality. The emptiness of conditioned phenomena itself is all-aspect omniscience, and all-aspect omniscience is the emptiness of conditioned phenomena. The emptiness of unconditioned phenomena itself is all-aspect omniscience, and all-aspect omniscience is the emptiness of unconditioned phenomena. The emptiness of the unlimited itself is all-aspect omniscience, and all-aspect omniscience is the emptiness of the unlimited. The emptiness of that which has neither beginning nor end itself is all-aspect omniscience, and all-aspect omniscience is the emptiness of that which has neither beginning nor end. The emptiness of nonexclusion itself is all-aspect omniscience, and all-aspect omniscience is the emptiness of nonexclusion. The emptiness of inherent nature itself is all-aspect omniscience, and all-aspect omniscience is the emptiness of inherent nature. The emptiness of all phenomena itself is all-aspect omniscience, and all-aspect omniscience is the emptiness of all phenomena. The emptiness of intrinsic defining characteristics itself is all-aspect omniscience, and all-aspect omniscience is the emptiness of intrinsic defining characteristics. The emptiness of that which cannot be apprehended itself is all-aspect omniscience, and all-aspect omniscience is the emptiness of that which cannot be apprehended. The emptiness of nonentities itself is all-aspect omniscience, and all-aspect omniscience is the emptiness of nonentities. The emptiness of essential nature itself is all-aspect omniscience, and all-aspect omniscience is the emptiness of essential nature. The emptiness of an essential nature of nonentities itself is all-aspect omniscience, and all-aspect omniscience is the emptiness of an essential nature of nonentities.

“The real nature of physical forms and the real nature of all-aspect omniscience are one and the same real nature‍—they are without duality and cannot be divided into two. The real nature of feelings and the real nature of all-aspect omniscience are one and the same real nature‍—they are without duality and cannot be divided into two. The real nature of perceptions and the real nature of all-aspect omniscience are one and the same real nature‍—they are without duality and cannot be divided into two. The real nature of formative predispositions and the real nature of all-aspect omniscience are one and the same real nature‍—they are without duality and cannot be divided into two. The real nature of consciousness and the real nature of all-aspect omniscience are one and the same real nature‍—they are without duality and cannot be divided into two.

“The real nature of the eyes and the real nature of all-aspect omniscience are one and the same real nature‍—they are without duality and cannot be divided into two. The real nature of the ears and the real nature of all-aspect omniscience are one and the same real nature‍—they are without duality and cannot be divided into two. The real nature of the nose and the real nature of all-aspect omniscience are one and the same real nature‍—they are without duality and cannot be divided into two. The real nature of the tongue and the real nature of all-aspect omniscience are one and the same real nature‍—they are without duality and cannot be divided into two. The real nature of the body and the real nature of all-aspect omniscience are one and the same real nature‍—they are without duality and cannot be divided into two. The real nature of the mental faculty and the real nature of all-aspect omniscience are one and the same real nature‍—they are without duality and cannot be divided into two.

“The real nature of sights and the real nature of all-aspect omniscience are one and the same real nature‍—they are without duality and cannot be divided into two. The real nature of sounds and the real nature of all-aspect omniscience are one and the same real nature‍—they are without duality and cannot be divided into two. The real nature of odors and the real nature of all-aspect omniscience are one and the same real nature‍—they are without duality and cannot be divided into two. The real nature of tastes and the real nature of all-aspect omniscience are one and the same real nature‍—they are without duality and cannot be divided into two. The real nature of tangibles and the real nature of all-aspect omniscience are one and the same real nature‍—they are without duality and cannot be divided into two. The real nature of mental phenomena and the real nature of all-aspect omniscience are one and the same real nature‍—they are without duality and cannot be divided into two.

“The real nature of visual consciousness and the real nature of all-aspect omniscience are one and the same real nature‍—they are without duality and cannot be divided into two. The real nature of auditory consciousness and the real nature of all-aspect omniscience are one and the same real nature‍—they are without duality and cannot be divided into two. The real nature of olfactory consciousness and the real nature of all-aspect omniscience are one and the same real nature‍—they are without duality and cannot be divided into two. The real nature of gustatory consciousness and the real nature of all-aspect omniscience are one and the same real nature‍—they are without duality and cannot be divided into two. The real nature of tactile consciousness and the real nature of all-aspect omniscience are one and the same real nature‍—they are without duality and cannot be divided into two. The real nature of mental consciousness and the real nature of all-aspect omniscience are one and the same real nature‍—they are without duality and cannot be divided into two.

“The real nature of visually compounded sensory contact and the real nature of all-aspect omniscience are one and the same real nature‍—they are without duality and cannot be divided into two. The real nature of aurally compounded sensory contact and the real nature of all-aspect omniscience are one and the same real nature‍—they are without duality and cannot be divided into two. The real nature of nasally compounded sensory contact and the real nature of all-aspect omniscience are one and the same real nature‍—they are without duality and cannot be divided into two. The real nature of lingually compounded sensory contact and the real nature of all-aspect omniscience are one and the same real nature‍—they are without duality and cannot be divided into two. The real nature of corporeally compounded sensory contact and the real nature of all-aspect omniscience are one and the same real nature‍—they are without duality and cannot be divided into two. The real nature of mentally compounded sensory contact and the real nature of all-aspect omniscience are one and the same real nature‍—they are without duality and cannot be divided into two.

“The real nature of feelings conditioned by visually compounded sensory contact and the real nature of all-aspect omniscience are one and the same real nature‍—they are without duality and cannot be divided into two. The real nature of feelings conditioned by aurally compounded sensory contact and the real nature of all-aspect omniscience are one and the same real nature‍—they are without duality and cannot be divided into two. The real nature of feelings conditioned by nasally compounded sensory contact and the real nature of all-aspect omniscience are one and the same real nature‍—they are without duality and cannot be divided into two. The real nature of feelings conditioned by lingually compounded sensory contact and the real nature of all-aspect omniscience are one and the same real nature‍—they are without duality and cannot be divided into two. The real nature of feelings conditioned by corporeally compounded sensory contact and the real nature of all-aspect omniscience are one and the same real nature‍—they are without duality and cannot be divided into two. The real nature of feelings conditioned by mentally compounded sensory contact and the real nature of all-aspect omniscience are one and the same real nature‍—they are without duality and cannot be divided into two.

“The real nature of the earth element and the real nature of all-aspect omniscience are one and the same real nature‍—they are without duality and cannot be divided into two. The real nature of the water element and the real nature of all-aspect omniscience are one and the same real nature‍—they are without duality and cannot be divided into two. The real nature of the fire element and the real nature of all-aspect omniscience are one and the same real nature‍—they are without duality and cannot be divided into two. The real nature of the wind element and the real nature of all-aspect omniscience are one and the same real nature‍—they are without duality and cannot be divided into two. The real nature of the space element and the real nature of all-aspect omniscience are one and the same real nature‍—they are without duality and cannot be divided into two. The real nature of the consciousness element and the real nature of all-aspect omniscience are one and the same real nature‍—they are without duality and cannot be divided into two.

“The real nature of ignorance and the real nature of all-aspect omniscience are one and the same real nature‍—they are without duality and cannot be divided into two. The real nature of formative predispositions and the real nature of all-aspect omniscience are one and the same real nature‍—they are without duality and cannot be divided into two. The real nature of consciousness and the real nature of all-aspect omniscience are one and the same real nature‍—they are without duality and cannot be divided into two. The real nature of name and form and the real nature of all-aspect omniscience are one and the same real nature‍—they are without duality and cannot be divided into two. The real nature of the six sense fields and the real nature of all-aspect omniscience are one and the same real nature‍—they are without duality and cannot be divided into two. The real nature of sensory contact and the real nature of all-aspect omniscience are one and the same real nature‍—they are without duality and cannot be divided into two. The real nature of sensation and the real nature of all-aspect omniscience are one and the same real nature‍—they are without duality and cannot be divided into two. The real nature of craving and the real nature of all-aspect omniscience are one and the same real nature‍—they are without duality and cannot be divided into two. The real nature of grasping and the real nature of all-aspect omniscience are one and the same real nature‍—they are without duality and cannot be divided into two. The real nature of the rebirth process and the real nature of all-aspect omniscience are one and the same real nature‍—they are without duality and cannot be divided into two. The real nature of birth and the real nature of all-aspect omniscience are one and the same real nature‍—they are without duality and cannot be divided into two. The real nature of aging and death and the real nature of all-aspect omniscience are one and the same real nature‍—they are without duality and cannot be divided into two.

“The real nature of the perfection of generosity and the real nature of all-aspect omniscience are one and the same real nature‍—they are without duality and cannot be divided into two. The real nature of the perfection of ethical discipline and the real nature of all-aspect omniscience are one and the same real nature‍—they are without duality and cannot be divided into two. The real nature of the perfection of tolerance and the real nature of all-aspect omniscience are one and the same real nature‍—they are without duality and cannot be divided into two. The real nature of the perfection of perseverance and the real nature of all-aspect omniscience are one and the same real nature‍—they are without duality and cannot be divided into two. The real nature of the perfection of meditative concentration and the real nature of all-aspect omniscience are one and the same real nature‍—they are without duality and cannot be divided into two. The real nature of the perfection of wisdom and the real nature of all-aspect omniscience are one and the same real nature‍—they are without duality and cannot be divided into two.

“The real nature of the emptiness of internal phenomena and the real nature of all-aspect omniscience are one and the same real nature‍—they are without duality and cannot be divided into two. The real nature of the emptiness of external phenomena and the real nature of all-aspect omniscience are one and the same real nature‍—they are without duality and cannot be divided into two. The real nature of the emptiness of external and internal phenomena and the real nature of all-aspect omniscience are one and the same real nature‍—they are without duality and cannot be divided into two. The real nature of the emptiness of emptiness and the real nature of all-aspect omniscience are one and the same real nature‍—they are without duality and cannot be divided into two. The real nature of the emptiness of great extent and the real nature of all-aspect omniscience are one and the same real nature‍—they are without duality and cannot be divided into two. The real nature of the emptiness of ultimate reality and the real nature of all-aspect omniscience are one and the same real nature‍—they are without duality and cannot be divided into two. The real nature of the emptiness of conditioned phenomena and the real nature of all-aspect omniscience are one and the same real nature‍—they are without duality and cannot be divided into two. The real nature of the emptiness of unconditioned phenomena and the real nature of all-aspect omniscience are one and the same real nature‍—they are without duality and cannot be divided into two. The real nature of the emptiness of the unlimited and the real nature of all-aspect omniscience are one and the same real nature‍—they are without duality and cannot be divided into two. The real nature of the emptiness of that which has neither beginning nor end and the real nature of all-aspect omniscience are one and the same real nature‍—they are without duality and cannot be divided into two. The real nature of the emptiness of nonexclusion and the real nature of all-aspect omniscience are one and the same real nature‍—they are without duality and cannot be divided into two. The real nature of the emptiness of inherent nature and the real nature of all-aspect omniscience are one and the same real nature‍—they are without duality and cannot be divided into two. The real nature of the emptiness of all phenomena and the real nature of all-aspect omniscience are one and the same real nature‍—they are without duality and cannot be divided into two. The real nature of the emptiness of intrinsic defining characteristics and the real nature of all-aspect omniscience are one and the same real nature‍—they are without duality and cannot be divided into two. The real nature of the emptiness of that which cannot be apprehended and the real nature of all-aspect omniscience are one and the same real nature‍—they are without duality and cannot be divided into two. The real nature of the emptiness of nonentities and the real nature of all-aspect omniscience are one and the same real nature‍—they are without duality and cannot be divided into two. The real nature of the emptiness of essential nature and the real nature of all-aspect omniscience are one and the same real nature‍—they are without duality and cannot be divided into two. The real nature of the emptiness of an essential nature of nonentities and the real nature of all-aspect omniscience are one and the same real nature‍—they are without duality and cannot be divided into two.

“The real nature of the applications of mindfulness and the real nature of all-aspect omniscience are one and the same real nature‍—they are without duality and cannot be divided into two. The real nature of the correct exertions and the real nature of all-aspect omniscience are one and the same real nature‍—they are without duality and cannot be divided into two. The real nature of the supports for miraculous ability and the real nature of all-aspect omniscience are one and the same real nature‍—they are without duality and cannot be divided into two. The real nature of the faculties and the real nature of all-aspect omniscience are one and the same real nature‍—they are without duality and cannot be divided into two. The real nature of the powers and the real nature of all-aspect omniscience are one and the same real nature‍—they are without duality and cannot be divided into two. The real nature of the branches of enlightenment and the real nature of all-aspect omniscience are one and the same real nature‍—they are without duality and cannot be divided into two. The real nature of the noble eightfold path and the real nature of all-aspect omniscience are one and the same real nature‍—they are without duality and cannot be divided into two.

“The real nature of the truths of the noble ones and the real nature of all-aspect omniscience are one and the same real nature‍—they are without duality and cannot be divided into two. The real nature of the meditative concentrations and the real nature of all-aspect omniscience are one and the same real nature‍—they are without duality and cannot be divided into two. The real nature of the immeasurable attitudes and the real nature of all-aspect omniscience are one and the same real nature‍—they are without duality and cannot be divided into two. The real nature of the formless absorptions and the real nature of all-aspect omniscience are one and the same real nature‍—they are without duality and cannot be divided into two. The real nature of the liberations and the real nature of all-aspect omniscience are one and the same real nature‍—they are without duality and cannot be divided into two. The real nature of the serial steps of meditative absorption and the real nature of all-aspect omniscience are one and the same real nature‍—they are without duality and cannot be divided into two. The real nature of the emptiness, signlessness, and wishlessness gateways to liberation and the real nature of all-aspect omniscience are one and the same real nature‍—they are without duality and cannot be divided into two. The real nature of the extrasensory powers and the real nature of all-aspect omniscience are one and the same real nature‍—they are without duality and cannot be divided into two. The real nature of the meditative stabilities and the real nature of all-aspect omniscience are one and the same real nature‍—they are without duality and cannot be divided into two. The real nature of the dhāraṇī gateways and the real nature of all-aspect omniscience are one and the same real nature‍—they are without duality and cannot be divided into two.

“The real nature of the powers of the tathāgatas and the real nature of all-aspect omniscience are one and the same real nature‍—they are without duality and cannot be divided into two. The real nature of the fearlessnesses and the real nature of all-aspect omniscience are one and the same real nature‍—they are without duality and cannot be divided into two. The real nature of the kinds of exact knowledge and the real nature of all-aspect omniscience are one and the same real nature‍—they are without duality and cannot be divided into two. The real nature of great loving kindness and the real nature of all-aspect omniscience are one and the same real nature‍—they are without duality and cannot be divided into two. The real nature of great compassion and the real nature of all-aspect omniscience are one and the same real nature‍—they are without duality and cannot be divided into two. The real nature of the distinct qualities of the buddhas and the real nature of all-aspect omniscience are one and the same real nature‍—they are without duality and cannot be divided into two.

“The real nature of the fruit of having entered the stream and the real nature of all-aspect omniscience are one and the same real nature‍—they are without duality and cannot be divided into two. The real nature of the fruit of once-returner and the real nature of all-aspect omniscience are one and the same real nature‍—they are without duality and cannot be divided into two. The real nature of the fruit of non-returner and the real nature of all-aspect omniscience are one and the same real nature‍—they are without duality and cannot be divided into two. The real nature of arhatship and the real nature of all-aspect omniscience are one and the same real nature‍—they are without duality and cannot be divided into two. The real nature of individual enlightenment and the real nature of all-aspect omniscience are one and the same real nature‍—they are without duality and cannot be divided into two. The real nature of the knowledge of the aspects of the path and the real nature of all-aspect omniscience are one and the same real nature‍—they are without duality and cannot be divided into two.

“The real nature of those who have entered the stream and the real nature of all-aspect omniscience are one and the same real nature‍—they are without duality and cannot be divided into two. The real nature of once-returners and the real nature of all-aspect omniscience are one and the same real nature‍—they are without duality and cannot be divided into two. The real nature of non-returners and the real nature of all-aspect omniscience are one and the same real nature‍—they are without duality and cannot be divided into two. The real nature of arhats and the real nature of all-aspect omniscience are one and the same real nature‍—they are without duality and cannot be divided into two. The real nature of pratyekabuddhas and the real nature of all-aspect omniscience are one and the same real nature‍—they are without duality and cannot be divided into two. The real nature of bodhisattvas and the real nature of all-aspect omniscience are one and the same real nature‍—they are without duality and cannot be divided into two. The real nature of buddhas and the real nature of all-aspect omniscience are one and the same real nature‍—they are without duality and cannot be divided into two.

“That is to say, this perfection of wisdom, the enlightenment of the tathāgatas, is profound, is hard to see, is hard to comprehend, cannot be investigated, is not an object of speculative thought, is calm, is subtle, is refined, and is an object to be known by the learned and wise. It is difficult for all mundane beings to have conviction in it.”

“The eyes themselves are all-aspect omniscience, and all-aspect omniscience is the eyes. The ears themselves are all-aspect omniscience, and all-aspect omniscience is the ears. The nose itself is all-aspect omniscience, and all-aspect omniscience is the nose. The tongue itself is all-aspect omniscience, and all-aspect omniscience is the tongue. The body itself is all-aspect omniscience, and all-aspect omniscience is the body. The mental faculty itself is all-aspect omniscience, and all-aspect omniscience is the mental faculty.

“Sights themselves are all-aspect omniscience, and all-aspect omniscience is sights. Sounds themselves are all-aspect omniscience, and all-aspect omniscience is sounds. Odors themselves are all-aspect omniscience, and all-aspect omniscience is odors. Tastes themselves are all-aspect omniscience, and all-aspect omniscience is tastes. Tangibles themselves are all-aspect omniscience, and all-aspect omniscience is tangibles. Mental phenomena themselves are all-aspect omniscience, and all-aspect omniscience is mental phenomena.

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84000: Translating the Words of the Buddha

First published 2026

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84000: Translating the Words of the Buddha is a global non-profit initiative to translate all the Buddha’s words into modern languages, and to make them available to everyone.

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འཕགས་པ་ཤེས་རབ་ཀྱི་ཕ་རོལ་ཏུ་ཕྱིན་པ་སྟོང་ཕྲག་བརྒྱ་པ།

’phags pa shes rab kyi pha rol tu phyin pa stong phrag brgya pa

The Noble Perfection of Wisdom in One Hundred Thousand Lines

Ārya­śata­sāhasrikā­prajñā­pāramitā

· Toh 8 ·

Degé Kangyur, (’bum, ka), folios 1.b–394.a; (’bum, kha), folios 1.b–402.a; (’bum, ga), folios 1.b–394.a; (’bum, nga), folios 1.b–381.a; (’bum, ca), folios 1.b–395.a; (’bum, cha), folios 1.b–382.a; (’bum, ja), folios 1.b–398.a; (’bum, nya), folios 1.b–399.a; (’bum, ta), folios 1.b–384.a; (’bum, tha), folios 1.b–387.a; (’bum, da), folios 1.b–411.a; and (’bum, a), folios 1.b–395.a (vols. 14–25)
For referencing Tibetan sources, please see our Scholar’s Edition

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The Perfection of Wisdom in One Hundred Thousand Lines