“So it is, Subhūti, that the explaining, teaching, and disclosing of phenomena such as these to others is said to be the supramundane gift of the Dharma. It is in this manner, Subhūti, that bodhisattva great beings attract beings with material gifts and the gift of the Dharma, and that, Subhūti, is the wonderful and marvelous Dharma of bodhisattva great beings.
“Subhūti, if you ask how bodhisattva great beings attract beings with their pleasant speech, here, Subhūti, bodhisattva great beings attract beings through the six perfections. Thus, it is by means of the perfection of generosity, the perfection of ethical discipline, the perfection of tolerance, the perfection of perseverance, the perfection of meditative concentration, and the perfection of wisdom—these six perfections—that bodhisattva great beings attract beings through their pleasant speech. If you ask why, it is because there are no virtuous attributes that are not subsumed in these six perfections. It is in this manner, Subhūti, that bodhisattva great beings attract beings through their pleasant speech.1298
“Subhūti, if you ask how bodhisattva great beings attract beings with their purposeful activity, here, Subhūti, bodhisattva great beings attract beings through their purposeful activity by means of these six perfections. If you ask why, it is because there are no virtuous attributes that are not subsumed in these six perfections. It is in this manner, Subhūti, that bodhisattva great beings attract beings through their purposeful activity.
“Subhūti, if you ask how bodhisattva great beings attract beings with their harmonious activity, here, Subhūti, bodhisattva great beings attract beings through their harmonious activity by means of these six perfections. If you ask why, it is because there are no virtuous attributes that are not subsumed in these six perfections. It is in this manner, Subhūti, that bodhisattva great beings attract beings through their harmonious activity.
“This too, Subhūti, is the wonderful and marvelous Dharma of bodhisattva great beings.
“Moreover, Subhūti, when bodhisattva great beings practice the perfection of wisdom, they instruct other bodhisattva great beings and teach them the Dharma, saying, ‘Come here, sons of good families! You should become expert in syllable accomplishments.1299 You should become expert in a single syllable. You should become expert in two syllables, up to the forty-two syllables. You should know all that has become refined1300 through a single syllable. You should know all that has become refined through two syllables, up to you should know all that has become refined through forty-two syllables. You should meditate on the gathering of forty-two syllables in a single syllable, and you should meditate on the gathering of a single syllable in forty-two syllables.’
“Subhūti, those bodhisattva great beings are expert in a single syllable, up to are expert in forty-two syllables. They are expert at meditating on the gathering of forty-two syllables in a single syllable, and are expert at meditating on the gathering of a single syllable in forty-two syllables. Having become expert in the accomplishment through syllables in that manner, they should then become skilled in the accomplishment without syllables. For example, Subhūti, the tathāgatas, arhats, perfectly complete buddhas are skilled in the Dharma and skilled in syllables, and since they are skilled in the Dharma and skilled in syllables, they teach through multiple syllables the Dharma that is without syllables. And yet, Subhūti, that Dharma is not quite divorced from the form of the syllables. This too, Subhūti, is the wonderful and marvelous Dharma of bodhisattva great beings, which is not shared in common with any of the śrāvakas and pratyekabuddhas.”
Then the venerable Subhūti asked the Blessed One, “Blessed Lord, if, owing to the emptiness of the unlimited and of that which has neither beginning nor end, beings, too, absolutely cannot be apprehended, the Dharma also cannot be apprehended, and an entity that is the Dharma also cannot be apprehended, then, Blessed Lord, how do bodhisattva great beings practice the perfection of wisdom, the perfection of meditative concentration, the perfection of perseverance, the perfection of tolerance, the perfection of ethical discipline, and the perfection of generosity; practice the four meditative concentrations, the four immeasurable attitudes, and the four formless absorptions; practice the thirty-seven factors conducive to enlightenment; practice the fourteen emptinesses; practice the meditative stability of emptiness, the meditative stability of signlessness, and the meditative stability of wishlessness; practice the eight liberations; practice the nine serial steps of meditative absorption, the ten powers of the tathāgatas, the four fearlessnesses, the four kinds of exact knowledge, great loving kindness, great compassion, the eighteen distinct qualities of the buddhas, the thirty-two major marks of a great person, and the eighty excellent minor signs; and establish the six extrasensory powers that derive from maturation and teach the Dharma to beings?
“There a being cannot be apprehended and even the designation of a being cannot be apprehended. Since a being cannot be apprehended, physical forms cannot be apprehended; since a being cannot be apprehended, feelings cannot be apprehended; since a being cannot be apprehended, perceptions cannot be apprehended; since a being cannot be apprehended, formative predispositions cannot be apprehended; and since a being cannot be apprehended, consciousness cannot be apprehended. Since a being cannot be apprehended, the eyes cannot be apprehended; since a being cannot be apprehended, the ears cannot be apprehended; since a being cannot be apprehended, the nose cannot be apprehended; since a being cannot be apprehended, the tongue cannot be apprehended; since a being cannot be apprehended, the body cannot be apprehended; and since a being cannot be apprehended, the mental faculty cannot be apprehended. Since a being cannot be apprehended, sights cannot be apprehended; since a being cannot be apprehended, sounds cannot be apprehended; since a being cannot be apprehended, odors cannot be apprehended; since a being cannot be apprehended, tastes cannot be apprehended; since a being cannot be apprehended, tangibles cannot be apprehended; and since a being cannot be apprehended, mental phenomena cannot be apprehended. Since a being cannot be apprehended, visual consciousness cannot be apprehended; since a being cannot be apprehended, auditory consciousness cannot be apprehended; since a being cannot be apprehended, olfactory consciousness cannot be apprehended; since a being cannot be apprehended, gustatory consciousness cannot be apprehended; since a being cannot be apprehended, tactile consciousness cannot be apprehended; and since a being cannot be apprehended, mental consciousness cannot be apprehended. Since a being cannot be apprehended, visually compounded sensory contact cannot be apprehended; since a being cannot be apprehended, aurally compounded sensory contact cannot be apprehended; since a being cannot be apprehended, nasally compounded sensory contact cannot be apprehended; since a being cannot be apprehended, lingually compounded sensory contact cannot be apprehended; since a being cannot be apprehended, corporeally compounded sensory contact cannot be apprehended; and since a being cannot be apprehended, mentally compounded sensory contact cannot be apprehended. Since a being cannot be apprehended, feelings conditioned by visually compounded sensory contact cannot be apprehended; since a being cannot be apprehended, feelings conditioned by aurally compounded sensory contact cannot be apprehended; since a being cannot be apprehended, feelings conditioned by nasally compounded sensory contact cannot be apprehended; since a being cannot be apprehended, feelings conditioned by lingually compounded sensory contact cannot be apprehended; since a being cannot be apprehended, feelings conditioned by corporeally compounded sensory contact cannot be apprehended; and since a being cannot be apprehended, feelings conditioned by mentally compounded sensory contact cannot be apprehended. Since a being cannot be apprehended, the earth element cannot be apprehended; since a being cannot be apprehended, the water element cannot be apprehended; since a being cannot be apprehended, the fire element cannot be apprehended; since a being cannot be apprehended, the wind element cannot be apprehended; since a being cannot be apprehended, the space element cannot be apprehended; and since a being cannot be apprehended, the consciousness element cannot be apprehended. Since a being cannot be apprehended, ignorance cannot be apprehended; since a being cannot be apprehended, formative predispositions cannot be apprehended; since a being cannot be apprehended, consciousness cannot be apprehended; since a being cannot be apprehended, name and form cannot be apprehended; since a being cannot be apprehended, the six sense fields cannot be apprehended; since a being cannot be apprehended, sensory contact cannot be apprehended; since a being cannot be apprehended, sensation cannot be apprehended; since a being cannot be apprehended, craving cannot be apprehended; since a being cannot be apprehended, grasping cannot be apprehended; since a being cannot be apprehended, the rebirth process cannot be apprehended; since a being cannot be apprehended, birth cannot be apprehended; and since a being cannot be apprehended, aging and death cannot be apprehended. Since a being cannot be apprehended, the perfection of generosity cannot be apprehended; since a being cannot be apprehended, the perfection of ethical discipline cannot be apprehended; since a being cannot be apprehended, the perfection of tolerance cannot be apprehended; since a being cannot be apprehended, the perfection of perseverance cannot be apprehended; since a being cannot be apprehended, the perfection of meditative concentration cannot be apprehended; and since a being cannot be apprehended, the perfection of wisdom cannot be apprehended. Since a being cannot be apprehended, the emptiness of internal phenomena cannot be apprehended; since a being cannot be apprehended, the emptiness of external phenomena cannot be apprehended; since a being cannot be apprehended, the emptiness of external and internal phenomena cannot be apprehended; since a being cannot be apprehended, the emptiness of emptiness cannot be apprehended; since a being cannot be apprehended, the emptiness of great extent cannot be apprehended; since a being cannot be apprehended, the emptiness of ultimate reality cannot be apprehended; since a being cannot be apprehended, the emptiness of conditioned phenomena cannot be apprehended; since a being cannot be apprehended, the emptiness of unconditioned phenomena cannot be apprehended; since a being cannot be apprehended, the emptiness of the unlimited cannot be apprehended; since a being cannot be apprehended, the emptiness of that which has neither beginning nor end cannot be apprehended; since a being cannot be apprehended, the emptiness of nonexclusion cannot be apprehended; since a being cannot be apprehended, the emptiness of inherent nature cannot be apprehended; since a being cannot be apprehended, the emptiness of all phenomena cannot be apprehended; since a being cannot be apprehended, the emptiness of intrinsic defining characteristics cannot be apprehended; since a being cannot be apprehended, the emptiness of that which cannot be apprehended cannot be apprehended; since a being cannot be apprehended, the emptiness of nonentities cannot be apprehended; since a being cannot be apprehended, the emptiness of essential nature cannot be apprehended; and since a being cannot be apprehended, the emptiness of an essential nature of nonentities cannot be apprehended. Since a being cannot be apprehended, the four applications of mindfulness cannot be apprehended; since a being cannot be apprehended, the four correct exertions cannot be apprehended; since a being cannot be apprehended, the four supports for miraculous ability cannot be apprehended; since a being cannot be apprehended, the five faculties cannot be apprehended; since a being cannot be apprehended, the five powers cannot be apprehended; since a being cannot be apprehended, the seven branches of enlightenment cannot be apprehended; and since a being cannot be apprehended, the noble eightfold path cannot be apprehended. Since a being cannot be apprehended, the truths of the noble ones cannot be apprehended; since a being cannot be apprehended, the meditative concentrations cannot be apprehended; since a being cannot be apprehended, the immeasurable attitudes cannot be apprehended; since a being cannot be apprehended, the formless absorptions cannot be apprehended; since a being cannot be apprehended, the eight liberations cannot be apprehended; since a being cannot be apprehended, the nine serial steps of meditative absorption cannot be apprehended; since a being cannot be apprehended, emptiness and signlessness cannot be apprehended; since a being cannot be apprehended, wishlessness cannot be apprehended; since a being cannot be apprehended, the extrasensory powers cannot be apprehended; since a being cannot be apprehended, the meditative stabilities cannot be apprehended; and since a being cannot be apprehended, the dhāraṇī gateways cannot be apprehended. Since a being cannot be apprehended, the ten powers of the tathāgatas cannot be apprehended; since a being cannot be apprehended, the four fearlessnesses cannot be apprehended; since a being cannot be apprehended, the our kinds of exact knowledge cannot be apprehended; since a being cannot be apprehended, great loving kindness cannot be apprehended; since a being cannot be apprehended, great compassion cannot be apprehended; and since a being cannot be apprehended, the eighteen distinct qualities of the buddhas cannot be apprehended. Since a being cannot be apprehended, the fruit of having entered the stream cannot be apprehended; since a being cannot be apprehended, the fruit of once-returner cannot be apprehended; since a being cannot be apprehended, the fruit of non-returner cannot be apprehended; since a being cannot be apprehended, arhatship cannot be apprehended; since a being cannot be apprehended, individual enlightenment cannot be apprehended; since a being cannot be apprehended, the knowledge of the aspects of the path cannot be apprehended; and since a being cannot be apprehended, all-aspect omniscience cannot be apprehended. Since a being cannot be apprehended, the thirty-two major marks of a great person cannot be apprehended, and since a being cannot be apprehended, the eighty excellent minor signs cannot be apprehended. And where a being is not apprehended, a being is not discerned.1301 Physical forms are not discerned, feelings are not discerned, perceptions are not discerned, formative predispositions are not discerned, and consciousness is not discerned; the eyes are not discerned, the ears are not discerned, the nose is not discerned, the tongue is not discerned, the body is not discerned, and the mental faculty is not discerned; sights are not discerned, sounds are not discerned, odors are not discerned, tastes are not discerned, tangibles are not discerned, and mental phenomena are not discerned; visual consciousness is not discerned, auditory consciousness is not discerned, olfactory consciousness is not discerned, gustatory consciousness is not discerned, tactile consciousness is not discerned, and mental consciousness is not discerned; visually compounded sensory contact is not discerned, aurally compounded sensory contact is not discerned, nasally compounded sensory contact is not discerned, lingually compounded sensory contact is not discerned, corporeally compounded sensory contact is not discerned, and mentally compounded sensory contact is not discerned; feelings conditioned by visually compounded sensory contact are not discerned, feelings conditioned by aurally compounded sensory contact are not discerned, feelings conditioned by nasally compounded sensory contact are not discerned, feelings conditioned by lingually compounded sensory contact are not discerned, feelings conditioned by corporeally compounded sensory contact are not discerned, and feelings conditioned by mentally compounded sensory contact are not discerned; the earth element is not discerned, the water element is not discerned, the fire element is not discerned, the wind element is not discerned, the space element is not discerned, and the consciousness element is not discerned; ignorance is not discerned, formative predispositions are not discerned, consciousness is not discerned, name and form are not discerned, the six sense fields are not discerned, sensory contact is not discerned, sensation is not discerned, craving is not discerned, grasping is not discerned, the rebirth process is not discerned, birth is not discerned, and aging and death are not discerned; the perfection of generosity is not discerned, the perfection of ethical discipline is not discerned, the perfection of tolerance is not discerned, the perfection of perseverance is not discerned, the perfection of meditative concentration is not discerned, and the perfection of wisdom is not discerned; the emptiness of internal phenomena is not discerned, the emptiness of external phenomena is not discerned, the emptiness of external and internal phenomena is not discerned, the emptiness of emptiness is not discerned, the emptiness of great extent is not discerned, the emptiness of ultimate reality is not discerned, the emptiness of conditioned phenomena is not discerned, the emptiness of unconditioned phenomena is not discerned, the emptiness of the unlimited is not discerned, the emptiness of that which has neither beginning nor end is not discerned, the emptiness of nonexclusion is not discerned, the emptiness of inherent nature is not discerned, the emptiness of all phenomena is not discerned, the emptiness of intrinsic defining characteristics is not discerned, the emptiness of that which cannot be apprehended is not discerned, the emptiness of nonentities is not discerned, the emptiness of essential nature is not discerned, and the emptiness of an essential nature of nonentities is not discerned; the applications of mindfulness are not discerned, the correct exertions are not discerned, the supports for miraculous ability are not discerned, the faculties are not discerned, the powers are not discerned, the seven branches of enlightenment are not discerned, and the noble eightfold path is not discerned; the truths of the noble ones are not discerned, the meditative concentrations are not discerned, the immeasurable attitudes are not discerned, the formless absorptions are not discerned, the eight liberations are not discerned, the nine serial steps of meditative absorption are not discerned, the emptiness, signlessness, and wishlessness gateways to liberation are not discerned, the extrasensory powers are not discerned, the meditative stabilities are not discerned, and the dhāraṇī gateways are not discerned; the ten powers of the tathāgatas are not discerned, the four fearlessnesses are not discerned, the four kinds of exact knowledge are not discerned, great loving kindness is not discerned, great compassion is not discerned, and the eighteen distinct qualities of the buddhas are not discerned; and the fruit of having entered the stream is not discerned, the fruit of once-returner is not discerned, the fruit of non-returner is not discerned, arhatship is not discerned, individual enlightenment is not discerned, the knowledge of the aspects of the path is not discerned, all-aspect omniscience is not discerned, the thirty-two major marks of a great person are not discerned, and the eighty excellent minor signs are not discerned. If you ask why, Blessed Lord, it is because when bodhisattva great beings practice the perfection of wisdom, if they cannot apprehend even just a bodhisattva,1302 how could they possibly apprehend the factors conducive to enlightenment?”
“It is so, Subhūti, it is so,” replied the Blessed One. “It is just as you have said. Subhūti, from not apprehending a being,1303 the emptiness of internal phenomena should be known, the emptiness of external phenomena should be known, the emptiness of external and internal phenomena should be known, the emptiness of emptiness should be known, the emptiness of great extent should be known, the emptiness of ultimate reality should be known, the emptiness of conditioned phenomena should be known, the emptiness of unconditioned phenomena should be known, the emptiness of the unlimited should be known, the emptiness of that which has neither beginning nor end should be known, the emptiness of nonexclusion should be known, the emptiness of inherent nature should be known, the emptiness of all phenomena should be known, the emptiness of intrinsic defining characteristics should be known, the emptiness of that which cannot be apprehended should be known, the emptiness of nonentities should be known, the emptiness of essential nature should be known, and the emptiness of an essential nature of nonentities should be known; the emptiness of the aggregates should be known, the emptiness of the sensory elements should be known, the emptiness of the sense fields should be known, the emptiness of the links of dependent origination should be known, and the emptiness of the truths should be known; the emptiness of the self should be known, the emptiness of a being should be known, the emptiness of a life should be known, the emptiness of one who goes should be known, the emptiness of one who lives should be known, the emptiness of a person should be known, the emptiness of an individual should be known, the emptiness of one born of Manu should be known, the emptiness of a child of Manu should be known, the emptiness of an agent should be known, the emptiness of an instigator of an agent should be known, the emptiness of motivator should be known, the emptiness of an inciter should be known, the emptiness of an experiencer should be known, the emptiness of an instigator of an experiencer should be known, the emptiness of a knower should be known, and the emptiness of a viewer should be known; the emptiness of the applications of mindfulness should be known, the emptiness of the correct exertions should be known, the emptiness of the supports for miraculous ability should be known, the emptiness of the faculties should be known, the emptiness of the powers should be known, the emptiness of the branches of enlightenment should be known, and the emptiness of the noble eightfold path should be known; the emptiness of the truths of the noble ones should be known, the emptiness of the meditative concentrations should be known, the emptiness of the immeasurable attitudes should be known, the emptiness of the formless absorptions should be known, the emptiness of the eight liberations should be known, the emptiness of the nine serial steps of meditative absorption should be known, the emptiness of the emptiness, signlessness, and wishlessness gateways to liberation should be known, the emptiness of the extrasensory powers should be known, the emptiness of the meditative stabilities should be known, and the emptiness of the dhāraṇī gateways should be known; the emptiness of the ten powers of the tathāgatas should be known, the emptiness of the four fearlessnesses should be known, the emptiness of the four kinds of exact knowledge should be known, the emptiness of great compassion should be known, and the emptiness of the eighteen distinct qualities of the buddhas should be known; the emptiness of the fruit of having entered the stream should be known, the emptiness of the fruit of once-returner should be known, the emptiness of the fruit of non-returner should be known, the emptiness of arhatship should be known, the emptiness of individual enlightenment should be known, the emptiness of the knowledge of the aspects of the path should be known, and the emptiness of all-aspect omniscience should be known; and the emptiness of the buddhafields should be known, the emptiness of the buddhas should be known, and the emptiness of the bodhisattvas should be known.
“There, Subhūti, when bodhisattva great beings practice the perfection of wisdom, having seen that all those phenomena are empty, they teach the Dharma to beings who have erroneous views. To the extent that they do not engage with the emptinesses they teach them accordingly. Seeing things in this way, they know all phenomena without obscuration. They do not disturb any phenomenon at all, do not treat it dualistically, and teach it exactly as it is.
“To give an illustration, Subhūti, an emanation of a tathāgata emanates many tens of millions of emanations. They cause some beings to engage in the perfection of generosity, some to engage in the perfection of ethical discipline, some to engage in the perfection of tolerance, some to engage in the perfection of perseverance, some to engage in the perfection of meditative concentration, and some to engage in the perfection of wisdom; some to engage in the four meditative concentrations, some to engage in the four immeasurable attitudes, and some to engage in the four formless absorptions; some to engage in the four applications of mindfulness, some to engage in the four correct exertions, some to engage in the four supports for miraculous ability, some to engage in the five faculties, some to engage in the five powers, some to engage in the seven branches of enlightenment, and some to engage in the noble eightfold path; some to engage in the four truths of the noble ones, some to engage in the eight liberations, some to engage in the nine serial steps of meditative absorption, some to engage in the emptiness, signlessness, and wishlessness gateways to liberation, some to engage in the five extrasensory powers, some to engage in all the meditative stabilities, and some to engage in all the dhāraṇī gateways; some to engage in the ten powers of the tathāgatas, some to engage in the four fearlessnesses, some to engage in the four kinds of exact knowledge, some to engage in great loving kindness, some to engage in great compassion, and some to engage in the eighteen distinct qualities of the buddhas; and some to engage in the fruit of having entered the stream, some to engage in the fruit of once-returner, some to engage in the fruit of non-returner, some to engage in arhatship, some to engage in individual enlightenment, some to engage in the knowledge of the aspects of the path, and some to engage in all-aspect omniscience. Do you think, Subhūti, that that emanation has differentiated anything at all?”
“No, Blessed Lord,” said Subhūti.
“Similarly, Subhūti,” continued the Blessed One, “when bodhisattva great beings practice the perfection of wisdom, they teach the Dharma to beings, and having released them from erroneous views, establish them in a manner that is neither fettered nor liberated, as it really is. If you ask why, Subhūti, it is because physical forms are neither fettered nor liberated, feelings are neither fettered nor liberated, perceptions are neither fettered nor liberated, formative predispositions are neither fettered nor liberated, and consciousness is neither fettered nor liberated; the eyes are neither fettered nor liberated, the ears are neither fettered nor liberated, the nose is neither fettered nor liberated, the tongue is neither fettered nor liberated, the body is neither fettered nor liberated, and the mental faculty is neither fettered nor liberated; sights are neither fettered nor liberated, sounds are neither fettered nor liberated, odors are neither fettered nor liberated, tastes are neither fettered nor liberated, tangibles are neither fettered nor liberated, and mental phenomena are neither fettered nor liberated; visual consciousness is neither fettered nor liberated, auditory consciousness is neither fettered nor liberated, olfactory consciousness is neither fettered nor liberated, gustatory consciousness is neither fettered nor liberated, tactile consciousness is neither fettered nor liberated, and mental consciousness is neither fettered nor liberated; visually compounded sensory contact is neither fettered nor liberated, aurally compounded sensory contact is neither fettered nor liberated, nasally compounded sensory contact is neither fettered nor liberated, lingually compounded sensory contact is neither fettered nor liberated, corporeally compounded sensory contact is neither fettered nor liberated, and mentally compounded sensory contact is neither fettered nor liberated; feelings conditioned by visually compounded sensory contact are neither fettered nor liberated, feelings conditioned by aurally compounded sensory contact are neither fettered nor liberated, feelings conditioned by nasally compounded sensory contact are neither fettered nor liberated, feelings conditioned by lingually compounded sensory contact are neither fettered nor liberated, feelings conditioned by corporeally compounded sensory contact are neither fettered nor liberated, and feelings conditioned by mentally compounded sensory contact are neither fettered nor liberated; the earth element is neither fettered nor liberated, the water element is neither fettered nor liberated, the fire element is neither fettered nor liberated, the wind element is neither fettered nor liberated, the space element is neither fettered nor liberated, and the consciousness element is neither fettered nor liberated; ignorance is neither fettered nor liberated, formative predispositions are neither fettered nor liberated, consciousness is neither fettered nor liberated, name and form are neither fettered nor liberated, the six sense fields are neither fettered nor liberated, sensory contact is neither fettered nor liberated, sensation is neither fettered nor liberated, craving is neither fettered nor liberated, grasping is neither fettered nor liberated, the rebirth process is neither fettered nor liberated, birth is neither fettered nor liberated, and aging and death are neither fettered nor liberated; the perfection of generosity is neither fettered nor liberated, the perfection of ethical discipline is neither fettered nor liberated, the perfection of tolerance is neither fettered nor liberated, the perfection of perseverance is neither fettered nor liberated, the perfection of meditative concentration is neither fettered nor liberated, and the perfection of wisdom is neither fettered nor liberated; the emptiness of internal phenomena is neither fettered nor liberated, the emptiness of external phenomena is neither fettered nor liberated, the emptiness of external and internal phenomena is neither fettered nor liberated, the emptiness of emptiness is neither fettered nor liberated, the emptiness of great extent is neither fettered nor liberated, the emptiness of ultimate reality is neither fettered nor liberated, the emptiness of conditioned phenomena is neither fettered nor liberated, the emptiness of unconditioned phenomena is neither fettered nor liberated, the emptiness of the unlimited is neither fettered nor liberated, the emptiness of that which has neither beginning nor end is neither fettered nor liberated, the emptiness of nonexclusion is neither fettered nor liberated, the emptiness of inherent nature is neither fettered nor liberated, the emptiness of all phenomena is neither fettered nor liberated, the emptiness of intrinsic defining characteristics is neither fettered nor liberated, the emptiness of that which cannot be apprehended is neither fettered nor liberated, the emptiness of nonentities is neither fettered nor liberated, and the emptiness of essential nature is neither fettered nor liberated, and the emptiness of an essential nature of nonentities is neither fettered nor liberated; the applications of mindfulness are neither fettered nor liberated, the correct exertions are neither fettered nor liberated, the supports for miraculous ability are neither fettered nor liberated, the faculties are neither fettered nor liberated, the powers are neither fettered nor liberated, the branches of enlightenment are neither fettered nor liberated, and the noble eightfold path is neither fettered nor liberated; the truths of the noble ones are neither fettered nor liberated, the meditative concentrations are neither fettered nor liberated, the immeasurable attitudes are neither fettered nor liberated, the formless absorptions are neither fettered nor liberated, the liberations are neither fettered nor liberated, the nine serial steps of meditative absorption are neither fettered nor liberated, the emptiness, signlessness, and wishlessness gateways to liberation are neither fettered nor liberated, the extrasensory powers are neither fettered nor liberated, the meditative stabilities are neither fettered nor liberated, and the dhāraṇī gateways are neither fettered nor liberated; the ten powers of the tathāgatas are neither fettered nor liberated, the four fearlessnesses are neither fettered nor liberated, the four kinds of exact knowledge are neither fettered nor liberated, great loving kindness is neither fettered nor liberated, great compassion is neither fettered nor liberated, and the eighteen distinct qualities of the buddhas are neither fettered nor liberated; and the fruit of having entered the stream is neither fettered nor liberated, the fruit of once-returner is neither fettered nor liberated, the fruit of non-returner is neither fettered nor liberated, arhatship is neither fettered nor liberated, individual enlightenment is neither fettered nor liberated, the knowledge of the aspects of the path is neither fettered nor liberated, and all-aspect omniscience is neither fettered nor liberated.